During this essay I will examine the sociological contributions which can help us to understand the link between crime, deviance and ethnicity. It looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society rather than in the individual. Not only that, but it is a danger to high culture in particular. Furthermore, the relaxation of marriage laws and Elite Culture! (33 marks) JUNE 2013. This may result in them using a white mask (Fanon) to fit in with peers and distance themselves from the stereotype. WebIt seeks to describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary populations and to sort out and measure the relative contributions made by heredity, environment, and culture to human biology. WebWe will move on to mass culture theory and discuss three different sociological perspectives, including the views of the Frankfurt School, the view of elite theorists and LS23 6AD Their ideas are collected within, This theory of mass culture has been criticised by many for its, The most important figures of The Frankfurt School, The Frankfurt School built their theory on Karl Marxs notion of, Features of mass culture according to elite theorists, Elite theorists idea of vibrant folk culture - happy peasantry - is criticised by many, who claim it is a, There are a few points on which he agreed with. Mass culture has been defined in many ways, by many different theorists in sociology, since Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer created the term. Theoretical perspective. Here are some example answers to the Paper 2 questions in 2019 on Culture and Identity for AQA A-Level Sociology. She says that alternative families are better than the traditional ones for the Essay Sample. (33 marks) Unlike sociologists, psychologists, economists and political scientists, anthropologists look beyond the confines of our own society and compare it to the beliefs and practices of other . These explanations of violence as well as of aggression, vulnerability, and risk stress the importance of structural-functionalism and the processes of socialization. Some students showed detailed sociological knowledge and sophisticated understanding that they applied successfully to the set questions, and in general students seemed reasonably well versed in relevant material. The Sociological Imagination 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Families perform the role of primary socialisation, according to Durkheim and Parsons. Chapter 3. What makes up culture? Gramsci argues that the media promotes the dominant ideology and encourage individuals to accept the hegemonic idea that capitalism is fair and reasonable. Some churches are even softening their views on divorce. Mass culture has been defined in many ways, by many different theorists, sinceTheodor Adorno andMax Horkheimer created the term. openly lesbian and gay life have been transformed. The 2005 Civil Partnership Other sociologists prefer to use the term popular culture, rather than mass culture, because this suggests diversity and choice. Applying material from Item Band your knowledge, evaluate sociological contributions to the understanding of mass culture. [20 marks] 3 IB/G/Jun19/7192/2 Turn over Topic A2 Families and Households Today there are more choices and services for women producing a more equal society which is one of the strongest arguments for the rise in divorce. Changes to women's position and influence of feminism: Now even more women in paid work (70%) opposed to 1950s (less than 50%) - means triple shift and dual burden - work at home and in their job. 1316 Answers in this band will show largely accurate, broad or deep but incomplete The media also transmits national events such as the Queens Speech and the Royal Weddings, with the Royal family an example of a symbol of the British national identity. Business enterprise found a profitable market in the cultural demands of the newly awakened masses, and the advance of Item B . Erich Fromm (1955) argued that technological development in the 20th century made work boring for people. He also believed in the concept of cultural hegemony and agreed with F. R. Leavis (1930) that it is the responsibility of a conscious minority in academia to uplift the public culturally. 109 AS Sociology For AQA Culture and Identity www.sociology.org.uk Consensus theories of culture (such as those elaborated by Functionalist sociologists) focus on the role played by cultural institutions (the media and education system, for example) in the creation and distribution of "moral and cultural values" throughout a Evaluate the usefulness of Functionalist theories to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Evaluate the usefulness of Functionalist theories to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) A functionalist analysis of crime and deviance begins with society as a whole. Major assumptions. by the development of individualisation, where individuals are expected to make led to different family types arising such as cohabiting families which were not. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. sociological knowledge, but rather because they have difficulty in applying their knowledge appropriately to the questions set. The term new media generally refers to two trends that have occurred over the past 30 years. Another way that people are socialised into their national identity is though media reporting of national sporting and cultural events. sociology is not an opinion, sociology follows the scientific method to learn how people behave in groups. This was the major question of the sociologists of the Frankfurt School. Postmodernists such as Dominic Strinati (1995) are critical of mass culture theory, which they accuse of perpetuating elitism. WebSociology - Factors Affecting Girls' Achievement (External) Sociology- Changing patterns External factors and gender differences in achievement Ethnicity and Differential Achievement in Education- Factors Outside School Sociology: Family and Households (Change in Patterns) See all Sociology resources See all Families and households Durkheim may argue this serves to make the public have social solidarity with the victims and feel more of a connection. West Yorkshire, There are relationships between companies and genres that encourage consumption. Culture consists of language, entertainment through of five elements of hip-hop culture Hyperghetto or neo-liberialism- The state Jr. (N.A.A.C.P./Black Church) The Strategy in action Racial Justice defacto equality; seperation to political body, economic market, and social realm 3) The Dub and the All Papers Are For Research And Reference Purposes Only. Functionalism A sociological perspective that focuses on understanding how the different parts of society work together to keep it running smoothly Culture: A way of life of a particular society or social group. personalities. They believe in cultural diversity and view popular culture as a very appropriate field for this. Popular culture refers to mass-produced material goods, which are accessible to the masses. What is Americanisation according to elite theorists? He thought religion, art, and science could be richly rewarding. Mass media is a tremendous source of information for individuals as well as society. (18 marks) EITHER: 3) Evaluate the contribution of Marxist theories to our understanding of the organisation and role of the mass media in the world today. Erich Fromm (1955) argued that technological development in the 20th century made work boring for people. They over-represent violent and sexual crimes, portray criminals as white middle class men (breaking bad etc) when criminals are actualy younger working class and probably from an ethnic minority. Marxists also say that cultural the government, the family, education etc. Assess the contribution of the Marxist theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. The young population has ample of opportunities which immediately places the interventionist in opposition to the youth culture. He thought that the state creates 'false needs' for people, which are impossible to satisfy, so they can keep people under control through them. Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business Popular culture is authentic, unique, and creative. A cross-cultural or comparative approach is central to anthropological understanding. Postmodernists in sociology, such as Dominic Strinati (1995) are critical of mass culture theory, which they accuse of perpetuating elitism. Popular culture is authentic, unique and creative. WebEvaluate sociological contributions to our understanding of trends in divorce in the UK since 1970 Advantages Rising expectation of marriage: Fletcher= higher expectations are True or false? At the same time the way people spent their leisure time was manipulated by the authority of public opinion. Sociology is a study of people in group relationships and integrates all the disciplines of social movement. Just as the body function through the efficient interrelationship of major organs and has mechanisms to deal with disease so the different institution in society Adorno did a great deal of work in social theory in the 1950's and 1960's, as well as turning out an incredible profusion of texts in the areas of literary criticism, cultural critique, philosophy, and aesthetics. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Andrae, Thomas, (1979), 'Adorno on film and mass culture: The culture industry reconsidered', Jumpcut (20), 34 - 37. Marxists also say that cultural (300 words) ANSWERS Challenge 7 Question 1 household type and pattern of kinship network whereas now there is increased (20 marks). 03 Applying material from Item B and your knowledge, evaluate sociological contributions to the understanding of mass culture. Harriet Martineau & Gender Conflict Theory: Crash Course Sociology #8 Watch on Feminist Theory diversity in family structure. provides support to the point by Weeks as it has also allowed same-sex couples to This can be linked to the decline of manual labour, which comprised of traditionally-male jobs, which may contribute to a crisis in masculinity linked to the decline of what Parsons called the instrumental role for men in the family. Most sociologists in the 20th century were critical of it, seeing it as a danger to real authentic art and high culture as well as to the consumers, who are manipulated through it. Herbert Marcuse (1964) observed that workers have integrated into capitalism and become thoroughly mesmerised by the American Dream. This was a group of Marxist sociologists in Germany during the 1930s, who first established the terms mass society and mass culture. WebMass culture is a culture that is widely disseminated via mass media, that utilizes technologies for mass production and seeks to maximize profit by using mass forms of communication such as film, tv, and most recently the internet for everyday enculturation. typical and most common nuclear family, like an increase in homosexual families a Four areas are explored: the restricted role of classical culture; the appeal of popular culture; digital distinctions, and moral-political positions as markers of distinction. (300 words) Question 2 Mahatma Gandhi is often described as revolutionary. (33 marks) Concepts and issues such as instability, style over substance, media-saturated society, interactivity, global village, sign objects, social interaction, multiple realities, popular culture, simulation, identity and choice . The dominant social groups create the popular culture, but it is the masses that decide whether it stays or goes. He claimed that people lost their humanity and were in danger of becoming robots. Popular culture is folk culture, made by and for the people. According to Weeks et al, during the past generation, the possibilities If living an P1 - Explain the main sociological perspectives used in health and social care Within health and social care there are various sociological perspectives that have opinions on the various social structures including family, education, health care system, mass media and government. It is an extremely important part of everyday life and is the focal point in the study of sociology. WebThe media gives a distorted view of crime. Marxists also say that cultural industries make products for profit rather than for their merit. It is about understanding how societies work and the way these societies shape people 's behaviour. Graffiti's mix of colourful drawings, words, and symbols is a vibrant expression of cultureor, depending on one's viewpoint, a disturbing expression of the creator's lack of respect for a community's shared space. Who created the term and theory of cultural hegemony? The Frankfurt School. The main concern of elite theorists is to protect high culture from the negative influence of low culture, which has been established for the masses. Analysis will show clear explanation. What were the three cultural groups that Russel Lynes defined? Some sociologists would argue that there are many differences in different types of Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. (Strinati, 1995: 168-169). Mass Culture: Cultural products and activities that are consumed by large numbers of people. A sociological understanding of homelessness would include all of the following EXCEPT . However, Chester argues that most people still live most But what is considered mass culture? They developed the idea of mass culture within the concept of mass society, which they defined as a society where the people - the masses - are connected through universal cultural ideas and goods, instead of unique folk histories. Become Premium to read the whole document. Marxists say that the bourgeoisie like youth culture as it prevents us from becoming class conscious and revolting against them. structure, the nuclear family, which had a specific type of division of labour, For example, in British culture children may be used to eating roast dinners on Sundays and speaking the English language. 20 mark essay sociological contributions to family diversity patterns, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Public law (Mark Elliot and Robert Thomas), Tort Law Directions (Vera Bermingham; Carol Brennan), Rang & Dale's Pharmacology (Humphrey P. Rang; James M. Ritter; Rod J. They say that females are stereotyped and mostly absent in studies of youth culture. Adorno and Horkheimer coined the term culture industry to describe how mass culture creates the illusion of a happy, satisfied society that turns working-class peoples attention away from their low wages, bad working conditions, and general lack of power. upon. Beck and Beck- Certain individuals are shown to have made a success in a capitalist system which makes people think it is achievable. relationships and any changes will be classed as superficial. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Its 100% free. With the increase in part-time employment and zero-hours contracts, individuals may feel like they need to save their money, especially after the economic crisis of 2008, therefore not realising the identity they wish to have, or previously had. Understanding Critical Theory. One way . Herbert Marcuse (1964) complained that the workers have integrated into capitalism and became individuals, mesmerised by theAmerican Dream. WebIt seeks to describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary populations and to sort out and measure the relative contributions made by heredity, environment, and culture to human biology. 2) Using material from Item C and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the selection and presentation of the news. suggests that there is now more diversity in the family because individualisation has evaluate sociological contributions to the understanding of mass culturevisual studio code flow diagram January 20, 2022 / papa's pizza gujrat contact women who live in them. This demonstrates that there is much more family diversity as previously WebThe chapter then discusses how methods and methodologies are being legitimized progressively, forming arts and cultural management into a discipline. Modood points out that second or third generation immigrants such may have multiple identities such as British, Pakistani and Muslim. Quick revise. All theories acknowledge the existence of youth culture but cannot agree on its function. Sociology teachers have a broad and comprehensive understanding of sociological terms, concepts, thinkers, and theoretical perspectives. johan.forsberg@folkuniversitetet.se, nct dream hello future the 1st album repackage, chloroplasts contain disklike membranous sacs arranged in stacks called, turnbull funeral home monmouth il obituaries. However, the media can also be used to show alternative views such as those who believe the Royal family should be abolished or that prefer to assert their subcultural identity associated with music that transcends national boundaries. Further analysis of these concepts has led Defining the new media. Mass culture has been defined in many ways, by many different theorists in sociology, since, According to Adorno and Horkheimer, who were both members of the, Some sociologists claim that mass culture was replaced by popular culture in postmodern society. One way that individuals may be socialised into their national identity is from their families. Mass Culture Theory argues that industrialisation and capitalism have transformed society. In terms of these two typologies, externally motivated explanations of generalized family violence, for example, are represented not exclusively by the disciplines of social-psychology, social anthropology, and sociology. What were the six definitions of popular culture defined by John Storey? It has no negative undertone. Best Breakfast Bellevue, The media is a platform that advertises mass cultural products such as new clothes fashions, toys or media products like films. Many critics argue that one cannot make such an easy distinction between high culture and low/mass culture as elite theorists claim. Fig. A01 - 3 out of 4 marks A02 - 5 out of 8 marks Total = 8 out of 12 marks Commentary This candidate does have some knowledge of global culture, Essay Title: Applying material from Item A and your knowledge, evaluate sociological contributions to our understanding of family diversity. For example, consumers are encouraged to watch a Disney film, eat at McDonalds to receive a Disney toy, then go to another shop and buy Disney branded clothing. Introduction Civil War is the bloodstain for the United States, and Sherman's March to the Sea is the most decisive moment against the Confederacy that led the War to its ending. endstream endobj startxref It is a danger to high culture in particular. 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