endobj Figure 9.7: Effect of R & e Variation on max Range Cessna 182. 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With metric units for speed (meters per second), this is the case. That's the actual angle of the slope of the straight line you drew on the graph. 2.14 The energy of an airstream is in two forms: It has potential energy, which is what kind of pressure? Still looking for something? And its climbing performance may be even worse! b. 6.1 An example of a thrust-producing, fixed wing, aircraft is a, 6.2 An example of a power-producing, fixed-wing, aircraft is a, 6.4 The Q in Ta=Q(V2V1)is the mass flow (slugs/sec). Calculate (or find in Table 2.1) the Pressure Ratio: 2.9 An airplane is operating from an airfield that has a barometric pressure of 28.86 in. 1.14 An airplane with a mass of 250 slugs accelerates down the takeoff runway with a net force of 3,000 lb. Calculate (or find in Table 2.1) the Temperature Ratio: 2.11 An airplane is operating from an airfield that has a barometric pressure of 28.86 in. 10.17 Which of the following is the speed at which an aircraft must be accelerated at or before reaching 35 ft at the end of the runway? For example, if the hub-to-ground measurement is 45 inches, subtracting 9 inches will leave an effective radius of 36 inches. 12.23 An aircraft in which of the following situations is most likely to create the most intense wake turbulence? 13.8 (Reference Figure 5.4) An aircraft flying at 200 knots can pull how many G's before stalling the aircraft? When plotting the cruise curve in a constraint analysis plot it should be assumed that the aircraft is cruising at a desired normal cruise speed, which will be neither the top speed at that altitude nor the speed for maximum range. 9.12 Which altitude is most efficient for a turboprop aircraft? 8.9 Which horsepower is measured at the propeller shaft and experiences gearing losses in reducing engine rpm to propeller rpm? , Does an airfoil drag coefficient takes parasite drag into account? 7.17 Changing the weight of an aircraft changes the ______________ much more than the ___________. 9.14 As the altitude for a given aircraft increases, the VX will ___________ and the VY will ___________. Once you know the data point where the climb angle is maximized, you can find the actual climb angle with a bit of trigonometry involving the right triangle comprised of the airspeed, horizontal speed, and vertical speed vectors. 7.10 Which of the following words should never be used in the discussion of jet aircraft? RWY 27L & 27R), and the winds are 360/5, which choice(s) is/are true? Effects of a Desired Climb Rate on Aircraft Design Space. CC BY 4.0. What two requirements must be met in order to be considered in a state of equilibrium? On the other hand, the climb curve should be plotted for optimum conditions; i.e., maximum rate of climb (minimum power required conditions for a prop aircraft) since that is the design target in climb. 8.10 In order to maximize range on a propeller-driven airplane at high altitude, true airspeed should be _____________. In many aircraft the difference between horizontal speed and airspeed will be trivial. that can be used in the constraint analysis equations above. a. Best Rate of Climb False Propeller aircraft are more efficient than jet aircraft because: They process more air and don't accelerate it as much Turboprop aircraft are classified as power producers because: Both A and C: The second is that the takeoff parameter (TOP) defined for propeller aircraft is based on power requirements (specifically, horsepower requirements) rather than thrust. You need not use the actual point where the straight line touches the curve. 12.2 The main difference between CL-AOA curves for straight-wing aircraft is that. where , for example, and .The power available is a function of the propulsion system, the flight velocity, altitude, etc. As an example, most piston engine aircraft will cruise at an engine power setting somewhere between 55% and 75% of maximum engine power. 3.2 The main variable(s) in the geometry of an airfoil are: 3.3 The angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil is the, 3.4 For a symmetrical airfoil, at 0o AOA, air passing over the wing results in, An equal increase in velocity over the top and bottom of the wing. 4.1 The portion of the boundary layer airflow known as laminar flow is characterized by, Reverses flow direction when stall occurs, 4.3 Adverse pressure gradient on an airfoil is found, c. From the point of minimum pressure to the trailing edge, 4.5 List the two types of stalls that are of interest to the non-jet pilot, 4.10 As thickness of an airfoil is increased, the stall AOA, 4.11 As camber of an airfoil is increased, its CL at any AOA, 4.12 A smaller Reynolds number (less than 0.5 million) indicates, 4.13 A large Reynolds number (greater than 10 million) indicates, 4.14 The thicker the airfoil, ___________________. 12.13 The primary way to tell if you are in a spin and not a spiral is, 12.14 An airplane in flight encounters wing icing. 9.9 For a power-producing aircraft, an increase in weight results in a decrease of Vmax. The formula is derived from the power available and power . 13.24 If an aircraft maintaining a constant bank angle increases its airspeed while maintaining a level, coordinated turn, what will the effect be on the rate of turn (ROT)? Hg and a runway temperature of 20C. For a propeller-powered airplane, at an airspeed just above stall speed and below L/D MAX. 11.1, what is the minimum landing distance required (50 ft obstacle on final approach) for the given aircraft with the following conditions: 30C OAT, PA 2000 ft, weight 2800 lb., 5-kt tailwind? Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. 8.6 Propeller aircraft are more efficient than jet aircraft because, They process more air and don't accelerate it as much, 8.7 Turboprop aircraft are classified as power producers because. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Note that the thrust ratio above is normally just the ratio of density since it is normally assumed that. 7.1 The thrust available from a jet engine at 35,000 ft altitude compared to that at sea level is, 7.2 If the weight of a jet airplane is increased, then, Induced drag increases more than parasite drag, 7.3 If the weight of a jet airplane is reduced as fuel is burned, the Tr curve, 7.4 If a jet airplane is in the gear down configuration, the increase in, Parasite drag is more than that of the induced drag. 6.18 Thrust-producing aircraft have a fuel consumption roughly proportional to thrust output. From the above it is obvious that maximum range will occur when the drag divided by velocity ( D/V) is a minimum. Of course, it helps to do this in metric units. Best rate of climb, or Vy, maximizes velocity to obtain the greatest gain in altitude over a given period of time Vy is normally used during climb, after all obstacles have been cleared It is the point where the largest power is available Occurs above L/Dmax for a jet Occurs at L/Dmax for a prop Provies more visibility over the cowling Match the airfoil part name to the table number. Absolute Ceiling- This is the maximum density altitude that the airplane is capable of attaining or maintaining at max gross weight in the clean configuration and max continuous power. Adapted from Raymer, Daniel P. (1992). Typically it takes a form such as that shown in Figure 13.7.The shortest time-to-climb occurs at the flight velocity where is a maximum. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. What is the maximum take off climb angle of a Boeing 737 MAX? 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