Amnesty International, in a report in 1973, estimated the number of South Vietnam's civilian prisoners ranging from 35,257 (as confirmed by Saigon) to 200,000 or more. While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. development as a result of growing military logistical requirements. 11.7
At that time, the traditional culture began to acquire an overlay of Western characteristics. CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~,
The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated
10.1
[26]:273 In early 1966, protesters influenced by popular Buddhist monk Thch Tr Quang attempted an uprising in Quang's hometown of Da Nang. The majority of these exports go to the following countries: the US ($29.9 billion), China ($17.5 billion), Japan ($15.2 billion), South Korea ($7.92 billion), and Germany ($7.64 billion). 75.3
They arc the increasing
Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. declined, and the rapid gains since then have not been sufficient to meet
A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. u
The state- owned sector includes most large industrial enterprises, state farms, lumber From 2000 to Mangrove
18.8
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[27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. incomes of some groups have declined substantially. Ba Xuycn
WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. 1.1
28.5
Minh unconditionally surrendered Saigon and the rest of South Vietnam to North Vietnam on 30 April 1975.[24]. 7. Economy International Cooperation. 14. represent a largely untapped resource with
Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and
13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for
U.S. financial support drops 0,3
F
In many districts, there were more votes to remove Bo i than there were registered voters (e.g., in Saigon, 133% of the registered population reportedly voted to remove Bo i). 21 g
Mllllvn /.in
presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out
rar Mrtcrs
34
Vietnam economy overview. [18]:16. with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the
influential role in the economy. --~~~~- Military rogion boundary
In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. national output in what is basically an agricultural country (see Figure 1). As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. Itc(ined sugar
The merchant fleet of South Vietnam is~ small, consisting of six
The South Vietnamese unsuccessfully attempted a defence and counterattack but had few reserve forces, as well as a shortage of spare parts and ammunition. the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. CrJNFIDENTIAL
30. paperboard
[43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. 16
to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized
25. The growth of demand, fed by massive
Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force
6
230
The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. cultivated urea of South Viehrun. dustry runs a poor third, accounting for
Private sector
6. The feudal dynasties always considered agriculture as the main economic base, and their economic thoughts have been predicated on physiocracy. The Presidential election took place on 3 September 1967, Thiu was elected president with 34% of the vote in a widely criticised poll. The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. Ladd and Resource Base
3
During the 1980s, the Communist Party established this unique economic framework in an attempt to move away from the Soviet-type economic planning that was then in place. Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. Figures
been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. 29. 5.5
The labor force is made up of 54.61 million people. Exempt from genorol
20. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. South Vietnam has almost 3,000 miles of navigable inland
Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military
244
failed to keep pace with rising prices. Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). 38
Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls
tons per day. The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. 9. 1968 eefimafad cenaut
According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. two-thirds of the country consists of sparsely popu-
Domestic Trade and Finance 11
As the Vit Cng's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings. were interdicted in the northern part of the country. The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an
W_
affected the exploitation of other poten-
caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a
8. Imports
South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern
the transport system. heavy industry. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5%
However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. Directora?e of Intelligence
agriculturrl machinery plant shown in I~igurc 7, have come to fruition. of Total
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Pht trin bi of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing
operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial
growing about 3% annually. Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872.
18
~s~2
Iiccr
In addition, the government periodically
234
Vietnam is playing an increasingly important role in international trade and global supply chains. 33
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Pnpcr and
to more than 20 flights per week between individual cities. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. arse 7 77
WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. Population and Labor Force
Confidential
Despite wartime destruction and disruption, South Vietnam's GNP has
The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. 5
exemption catogory 58(12,(2),(3)
It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the 134.2
t
Population and Labor Force . Thicn
WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? ;4
Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. 4,688
M
is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. S
Two other recent developments also have contributed to the
In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. 1
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There were four AM and one FM radio stations, all of them owned by the government (VTVN), named Radio Vietnam[vi]. THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM registrations, which climbed from 37,000 in 1966 to 90,000 in 1970. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [39], Starting from 1955, the South Vietnamese government of Ng nh Dim carried out an assimilation policy towards indigenous peoples (Montagnard) of the Central Highlands and the Cham people, including banning the Cham language in public schools, seizing indigenous lands and granting them to mostly Catholic Northern Kinh people who had moved to South Vietnam during Operation Passage to Freedom. 4
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large firms arc owned by the. The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry,
At the time of the conference, it was expected that the South would continue to be a French dependency. 216
Clectric power
South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. ~ :.,,,tr _. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. Phuoc
Individual landholdings were limited to 15 hectares. Duncanson, Dennis J. 34. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13
1 15.5
and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of
Military personnel and
South Vietnam launched an invasion of North Vietnamese bases in Laos in February/March 1971 and were defeated by the PAVN in what was widely regarded as a setback for Vietnamization. Released February 1, 2012. The US economy is recovering, the Eurozone has avoided a harsh winter, and China is reopening faster than expected, according to Mr. Edward Lee, Chief Economist for ASEAN and South Asia at Standard Chartered Bank. The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. ", In October 1956 Dim, with US prodding, launched a land reform program restricting rice farm sizes to a maximum of 247 acres per landowner with the excess land to be sold to landless peasants. ,.~ Tree crops, chiefly rubber
a densely populated flat plan: consisting of the Dong
INTELLIGEN( E
Soft drinks
WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1
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by the uncertain political and military
58.0
Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Ripe
In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion
during 191 ~-30. The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias South of the Red River delta are the smaller coastal lowlands of Thanh Hoa, at the mouth of the Song Ma, and of Vinh, in the lower reaches of the Song Ca. 4
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In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by
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Saigon is the largest urban center, with a population
Former emperor Bo i accepted the position of chief of state (quc trng). [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the
rate throughout the war. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. Classified by 015319
yicld rice is now grown oft about one-fourth of the riceland and has barn
Agriculture
VnEconomy khng chu trch nhim ni dung cc trang ngoi. In desperation, Thiu recalled K from retirement as a military commander, but resisted calls to name his old rival prime minister. of the labor force. In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through
The majority of its imports come from the following places: China ($44.7 billion), South Korea ($21.7 billion), Japan ($11.9 billion), Other Asian countries ($9.4 billion), and Singapore ($7.98 billion). Composition of Imports
144.' Vinh
Some of these areas are in effect denied to all government authority not immediately backed by substantial armed force. When Vietnam was divided, 800,000 to 1million North Vietnamese, mainly (but not exclusively) Roman Catholics, sailed south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom due to a fear of religious persecution in the North. cultivation. WebVietnam recorded 10-year high GDP growth of 7.1% in 2018 and 7.02% in 2019. Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of
growth of the private sector was buffeted
ru
Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. abandoned during fire war. [26]:273, In June 1965, K's influence over the ruling military government was solidified when he forced civilian prime minister Phan Huy Qut from power. The Senate election took place on 2 September 1967. Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, ~L ? In addition, 400,000 cattle were killed, and several hundred thousand hectares of farmland were damaged. 5,327
13. Vietnam works under a socialist-oriented market economy, which means that the government is directly involved in economic development and decision-making. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will
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